上海科技大学知识管理系统

The efficiency of solar energy capture by terrestrial and solar device surfaces is significantly influenced by the variations in the solar angle of incidence, which change with latitude, season, and time of day. These fluctuations result in notable energy density losses. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) system-based artificial leaf device has attracted immense research interests recently. However, its programmability and adaptiveness is highly desired and noticeably lacking. In this study, a novel programmable biomimetic PEC system—artificial aquatic plant—designed for bias-free complete water splitting, capable of adapting is introduce to dynamic light incident angles. Inspired by key structures in aquatic plants, such as cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and petioles, this work incorporates innovative design with light-weight PEC electrodes, protective hydrogel layers, integrated with light-responsive hydrogel composites as supportive and actuating elements. As a result, this advanced device not only maintains stable complete water splitting performance but also exhibits characteristic phototropic properties, enhancing water splitting efficiency by 47% and 866% under light incident at 45° and 90°. Unlike traditional rigid systems, this work opens new avenues for the development of intelligent and programmable solar devices that can adapt to varying environments, paving the way for adaptive green energy technology and self-sustaining energy production. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.